Grub引导Win7+XP+Ubuntu多系统的问题解决

技术至上

　　今天为了这破事儿弄了一下午，最终还是靠在Ubuntu中文论坛发帖解决了。

　　我用的台式机有两块硬盘，Win7+XP+Ubuntu。以前只有一块硬盘的时候，先安装的XP，然后安装Ubuntu（现已更新到11.04）。后来觉得硬盘不够用，就新增加了一块硬盘，在新的硬盘上安装了Win7，系统引导变成Win7的启动引导。后来用光盘修复为Grub引导，默认进入Win7的启动选项，然后Win7的启动选项中设置XP系统为默认启动，然后一直以来正常的启动就是默认进入XP。

　　结果昨天因为某些原因卸下有Win7的那块硬盘，然后进入Ubuntu弄点东西，再重新装回有Win7的那块硬盘。至此Grub就不能设置默认引导到Win7的启动选项了，就是默认进入Ubuntu，但是在Grub倒计时那时选择Win7的话也能正常进入选择Win7或者XP来正常进入Windows系统。

　　在“启动管理器”里面设置了默认进入Win7启动，重启之后还是自动进入Ubuntu。

后来执行了“fdisk -l”之后结果如下：

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candura@canbuntu:~$ sudo fdisk -l
 
Disk /dev/sda: 300.1 GB, 300069052416 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 36481 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xbcebcd9f
 
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1        5100    40965718+   7  HPFS/NTFS
/dev/sda2            5101       36481   252067882+   f  W95 Ext'd (LBA)
/dev/sda5            5101       10200    40965718+   7  HPFS/NTFS
/dev/sda6           10201       22949   102406311    7  HPFS/NTFS
/dev/sda7           22950       36481   108695758+   7  HPFS/NTFS
 
Disk /dev/sdb: 250.1 GB, 250059350016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30401 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x624aa2e0
 
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1   *           1        3825    30724281    7  HPFS/NTFS
/dev/sdb2            3826       30402   213474057    f  W95 Ext'd (LBA)
/dev/sdb5            3826        8925    40965718+   7  HPFS/NTFS
/dev/sdb6            8926       17849    71681998+   7  HPFS/NTFS
/dev/sdb7           17850       26773    71681998+   7  HPFS/NTFS
/dev/sdb8           26774       30246    27894784   83  Linux
/dev/sdb9           30246       30402     1248256   82  Linux swap / Solaris

其中sdb是我安装了XP+Ubuntu的那块硬盘，sda是安装了Win7的那块硬盘。

后来在网上找，说是可以用Grub Customizer来修改尝试，于是就用Grub Customizer来配置。

配置完保存后“/boot/gurb/grub.cfg”文件内容如下：

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#
# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE
#
# It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates
# from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub
#
 
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then
  set have_grubenv=true
  load_env
fi
set default="6"
if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then
  set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}"
  save_env saved_entry
  set prev_saved_entry=
  save_env prev_saved_entry
  set boot_once=true
fi
 
function savedefault {
  if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then
    saved_entry="${chosen}"
    save_env saved_entry
  fi
}
 
function recordfail {
  set recordfail=1
  if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi
}
 
function load_video {
  insmod vbe
  insmod vga
  insmod video_bochs
  insmod video_cirrus
}
 
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='(/dev/sda,msdos8)'
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 46ed6e0f-6930-446b-9129-58167c489c00
if loadfont /usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2 ; then
  set gfxmode=auto
  load_video
  insmod gfxterm
fi
terminal_output gfxterm
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='(/dev/sda,msdos8)'
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 46ed6e0f-6930-446b-9129-58167c489c00
set locale_dir=($root)/boot/grub/locale
set lang=zh_CN
insmod gettext
if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ]; then
  set timeout=-1
else
  set timeout=1
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
 
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###
set menu_color_normal=white/black
set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray
if background_color 44,0,30; then
  clear
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###
 
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
if [ ${recordfail} != 1 ]; then
  if [ -e ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt ]; then
    if hwmatch ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt 3; then
      if [ ${match} = 0 ]; then
        set linux_gfx_mode=keep
      else
        set linux_gfx_mode=text
      fi
    else
      set linux_gfx_mode=text
    fi
  else
    set linux_gfx_mode=keep
  fi
else
  set linux_gfx_mode=text
fi
export linux_gfx_mode
if [ "$linux_gfx_mode" != "text" ]; then load_video; fi
menuentry 'Ubuntu，Linux 2.6.38-10-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
   recordfail
   set gfxpayload=$linux_gfx_mode
   insmod part_msdos
   insmod ext2
   set root='(/dev/sda,msdos8)'
   search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 46ed6e0f-6930-446b-9129-58167c489c00
   linux   /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.38-10-generic root=UUID=46ed6e0f-6930-446b-9129-58167c489c00 ro   quiet splash vt.handoff=7
   initrd   /boot/initrd.img-2.6.38-10-generic
}
menuentry 'Ubuntu，Linux 2.6.38-10-generic (恢复模式)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
   recordfail
   set gfxpayload=$linux_gfx_mode
   insmod part_msdos
   insmod ext2
   set root='(/dev/sda,msdos8)'
   search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 46ed6e0f-6930-446b-9129-58167c489c00
   echo   'Loading Linux 2.6.38-10-generic ...'
   linux   /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.38-10-generic root=UUID=46ed6e0f-6930-446b-9129-58167c489c00 ro single 
   echo   'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
   initrd   /boot/initrd.img-2.6.38-10-generic
}
submenu "Previous Linux versions" {
menuentry 'Ubuntu，Linux 2.6.35-29-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
   recordfail
   set gfxpayload=$linux_gfx_mode
   insmod part_msdos
   insmod ext2
   set root='(/dev/sda,msdos8)'
   search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 46ed6e0f-6930-446b-9129-58167c489c00
   linux   /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.35-29-generic root=UUID=46ed6e0f-6930-446b-9129-58167c489c00 ro   quiet splash vt.handoff=7
   initrd   /boot/initrd.img-2.6.35-29-generic
}
menuentry 'Ubuntu，Linux 2.6.35-29-generic (恢复模式)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
   recordfail
   set gfxpayload=$linux_gfx_mode
   insmod part_msdos
   insmod ext2
   set root='(/dev/sda,msdos8)'
   search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 46ed6e0f-6930-446b-9129-58167c489c00
   echo   'Loading Linux 2.6.35-29-generic ...'
   linux   /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.35-29-generic root=UUID=46ed6e0f-6930-446b-9129-58167c489c00 ro single 
   echo   'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
   initrd   /boot/initrd.img-2.6.35-29-generic
}
}
### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
 
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###
### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###
 
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###
menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+)" {
   insmod part_msdos
   insmod ext2
   set root='(/dev/sda,msdos8)'
   search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 46ed6e0f-6930-446b-9129-58167c489c00
   linux16   /boot/memtest86+.bin
}
menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)" {
   insmod part_msdos
   insmod ext2
   set root='(/dev/sda,msdos8)'
   search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 46ed6e0f-6930-446b-9129-58167c489c00
   linux16   /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8
}
### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###
 
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
menuentry "Windows 7 (loader) (on /dev/sda1)" --class windows --class os {
   insmod part_msdos
   insmod ntfs
   set root='(/dev/sda,msdos1)'
   search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 12EC809FEC807F2B
   chainloader +1
}
### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
 
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
# This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries.  Simply type the
# menu entries you want to add after this comment.  Be careful not to change
# the 'exec tail' line above.
### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
 
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
if [ -f  $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then
  source $prefix/custom.cfg;
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###

　　然后重启依旧默认进入的是Ubuntu。

　　我看了一下“/boot/grub/”里面的文件，是有“grub.cfg”，没有“menu.lst”的，说明应该已经是用了Grub2来引导的。但是后来用了“sodu update-grub”命令之后，系统提示说找不到“menu.lst”是否创建。

　　后来系统自动创建的“menu.lst”文件内容如下：

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menu.lst - See: grub(8), info grub, update-grub(8)
#            grub-install(8), grub-floppy(8),
#            grub-md5-crypt, /usr/share/doc/grub
#            and /usr/share/doc/grub-legacy-doc/.
 
## default num
# Set the default entry to the entry number NUM. Numbering starts from 0, and
# the entry number 0 is the default if the command is not used.
#
# You can specify 'saved' instead of a number. In this case, the default entry
# is the entry saved with the command 'savedefault'.
# WARNING: If you are using dmraid do not use 'savedefault' or your
# array will desync and will not let you boot your system.
default      0
 
## timeout sec
# Set a timeout, in SEC seconds, before automatically booting the default entry
# (normally the first entry defined).
timeout      3
 
## hiddenmenu
# Hides the menu by default (press ESC to see the menu)
hiddenmenu
 
# Pretty colours
#color cyan/blue white/blue
 
## password ['--md5'] passwd
# If used in the first section of a menu file, disable all interactive editing
# control (menu entry editor and command-line)  and entries protected by the
# command 'lock'
# e.g. password topsecret
#      password --md5 $1$gLhU0/$aW78kHK1QfV3P2b2znUoe/
# password topsecret
 
#
# examples
#
# title      Windows 95/98/NT/2000
# root      (hd0,0)
# makeactive
# chainloader   +1
#
# title      Linux
# root      (hd0,1)
# kernel   /vmlinuz root=/dev/hda2 ro
#
 
#
# Put static boot stanzas before and/or after AUTOMAGIC KERNEL LIST
 
### BEGIN AUTOMAGIC KERNELS LIST
## lines between the AUTOMAGIC KERNELS LIST markers will be modified
## by the debian update-grub script except for the default options below
 
## DO NOT UNCOMMENT THEM, Just edit them to your needs
 
## ## Start Default Options ##
## default kernel options
## default kernel options for automagic boot options
## If you want special options for specific kernels use kopt_x_y_z
## where x.y.z is kernel version. Minor versions can be omitted.
## e.g. kopt=root=/dev/hda1 ro
##      kopt_2_6_8=root=/dev/hdc1 ro
##      kopt_2_6_8_2_686=root=/dev/hdc2 ro
# kopt=root=UUID=46ed6e0f-6930-446b-9129-58167c489c00 ro
 
## default grub root device
## e.g. groot=(hd0,0)
# groot=46ed6e0f-6930-446b-9129-58167c489c00
 
## should update-grub create alternative automagic boot options
## e.g. alternative=true
##      alternative=false
# alternative=true
 
## should update-grub lock alternative automagic boot options
## e.g. lockalternative=true
##      lockalternative=false
# lockalternative=false
 
## additional options to use with the default boot option, but not with the
## alternatives
## e.g. defoptions=vga=791 resume=/dev/hda5
# defoptions=quiet splash
 
## should update-grub lock old automagic boot options
## e.g. lockold=false
##      lockold=true
# lockold=false
 
## Xen hypervisor options to use with the default Xen boot option
# xenhopt=
 
## Xen Linux kernel options to use with the default Xen boot option
# xenkopt=console=tty0
 
## altoption boot targets option
## multiple altoptions lines are allowed
## e.g. altoptions=(extra menu suffix) extra boot options
##      altoptions=(recovery) single
# altoptions=(recovery mode) single
 
## controls how many kernels should be put into the menu.lst
## only counts the first occurence of a kernel, not the
## alternative kernel options
## e.g. howmany=all
##      howmany=7
# howmany=all
 
## specify if running in Xen domU or have grub detect automatically
## update-grub will ignore non-xen kernels when running in domU and vice versa
## e.g. indomU=detect
##      indomU=true
##      indomU=false
# indomU=detect
 
## should update-grub create memtest86 boot option
## e.g. memtest86=true
##      memtest86=false
# memtest86=true
 
## should update-grub adjust the value of the default booted system
## can be true or false
# updatedefaultentry=false
 
## should update-grub add savedefault to the default options
## can be true or false
# savedefault=false
 
## ## End Default Options ##
 
title      Ubuntu 11.04, kernel 2.6.38-10-generic
uuid      46ed6e0f-6930-446b-9129-58167c489c00
kernel      /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.38-10-generic root=UUID=46ed6e0f-6930-446b-9129-58167c489c00 ro quiet splash 
initrd      /boot/initrd.img-2.6.38-10-generic
 
title      Ubuntu 11.04, kernel 2.6.38-10-generic (recovery mode)
uuid      46ed6e0f-6930-446b-9129-58167c489c00
kernel      /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.38-10-generic root=UUID=46ed6e0f-6930-446b-9129-58167c489c00 ro  single
initrd      /boot/initrd.img-2.6.38-10-generic
 
title      Ubuntu 11.04, kernel 2.6.35-29-generic
uuid      46ed6e0f-6930-446b-9129-58167c489c00
kernel      /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.35-29-generic root=UUID=46ed6e0f-6930-446b-9129-58167c489c00 ro quiet splash 
initrd      /boot/initrd.img-2.6.35-29-generic
 
title      Ubuntu 11.04, kernel 2.6.35-29-generic (recovery mode)
uuid      46ed6e0f-6930-446b-9129-58167c489c00
kernel      /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.35-29-generic root=UUID=46ed6e0f-6930-446b-9129-58167c489c00 ro  single
initrd      /boot/initrd.img-2.6.35-29-generic
 
title      Chainload into GRUB 2
root      46ed6e0f-6930-446b-9129-58167c489c00
kernel      /boot/grub/core.img
 
title      Ubuntu 11.04, memtest86+
uuid      46ed6e0f-6930-446b-9129-58167c489c00
kernel      /boot/memtest86+.bin
 
### END DEBIAN AUTOMAGIC KERNELS LIST

按理说用了Grub2的话，使用“sudo update-grub”应该是更新“grub.cfg”文件才对的阿，真奇怪。

后来论坛里面的“onshoestring”提醒我说，有可能是Grub和Grub2装乱了，试试重装。

然后就执行命令；

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sudo apt-get purge grub
sudo apt-get purge grub-pc
sudo apt-get purge grub-common
 
sudo rm -rf /boot/grub/*
sudo rm -rf /etc/grub.d/*
sudo rm /etc/default/grub
 
sudo apt-get install grub-pc grub-common
sudo grub-install /dev/sda
sudo update-grub

　　但是在执行“sudo apt-get purge grub”的时候它自动卸载了“启动管理器”，执行完这些之后需要需要再执行“sudo apt-get install startupmanager”来重新安装“启动管理器”，然后其他的一切照旧从“启动管理器”设置。
　　结果再一重启，终于，默认经过Grub引导和Win7引导最终进入XP了。

本文标题:Grub引导Win7+XP+Ubuntu多系统的问题解决

文章作者:Candura

发布时间:2011-07-27, 19:42:34

最后更新:2019-07-11, 16:45:22

原始链接:https://www.candura.us/posts/post-258/

许可协议: "署名-非商用-相同方式共享 4.0" 转载请保留原文链接及作者。

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